[
 {
  "id": "bird",
  "name": "Bird Class",
  "sort": "Bird Class",
  "sub": "San Francisco Bay, 1921 — the oldest one-design class on the West Coast",
  "life": "designed 1921; boats built to 1947",
  "place": "San Francisco Bay",
  "start": 1921,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars"
  ],
  "summary": "Thirty feet of gaff-era racing cruiser drawn in Boston to a brief written in Sausalito, and still racing as a fleet on the Bay a century later.",
  "essay": [
   "The Bird is the best illustration in this atlas of how a design actually happens. It did not begin with a designer. It began with a requirement: members of the Pacific Inter-Club Yacht Association wanted an affordable racing cruiser that could handle Bay chop, and a small group — the shipwright J. Herbert Madden Sr., the P.I.Y.A. representative Clifford A. Smith, and the Sausalito naval architect Fred Brewer — sketched what they wanted.",
   "That sketch went east to John G. Alden's office in Boston, where it was worked into a formal design, No. 157, drawn by Alden's associate Sam Crocker and dated 1 September 1921. Whose boat is it? Sailboatdata credits 'Fred C. Brewer / Alden Associates'. Class history credits the committee for the concept and Alden's office for the design. Both are true and neither is complete.",
   "The class was originally the San Francisco 'S' class. It became the Bird once the early boats were given bird names — Osprey, Puffin, Cuckoo, Robin, Polly. W. F. Stone & Son built Nos. 12, 16, 18 and 19 in 1928–29. Robin, No. 18, won the San Francisco Perpetual Challenge Trophy in 1936, 1937, 1956 and 1957.",
   "Curlew (No. 2, 1922) is the second boat ever built in the class, and she, Cuckoo (No. 16, 1929) and Hummingbird (No. 22, 1929) are all still sailing on the Bay."
  ],
  "facts": [
   [
    "Design",
    "Alden design No. 157, drawn by Sam Crocker, dated 1 September 1921, from a Bay committee brief"
   ],
   [
    "LOA / LWL",
    "30.08 ft / 24.67 ft"
   ],
   [
    "Beam / Draft",
    "7.67 ft / 5.25 ft"
   ],
   [
    "Sail area",
    "408 sq ft"
   ],
   [
    "Displacement",
    "9,000 lb"
   ],
   [
    "Rig",
    "Fractional sloop, long keel, wood"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "alden-john",
    "crocker-sam",
    "brewer-fred",
    "spaulding-myron"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "stone-boat-yard",
    "madden-lewis"
   ],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": [
    "master-mariners"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "The specific attribution — Alden design No. 157, drawn by Sam Crocker, dated 1 September 1921 — rests on a single enthusiast blog and an aggregator that appears to draw on it. Neither Alden's published biography nor the MIT Museum's Alden collection was found to corroborate the design number or the date. Treat it as the best available account rather than an established fact; the MIT Alden collection would settle it.",
   "First-built year is given as 1921, 1922 and 1923 by different sources.",
   "The builder of boat No. 1 (Osprey) is given as Madden & Lewis of Sausalito by one source and W. F. Stone & Son of Oakland by another.",
   "Total hulls built is given as 24 by one source and 30 by another."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Bird (SF Bay) — Sailboatdata",
    "u": "https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/bird-sf-bay/"
   },
   {
    "t": "Nothing Sails Like an Old Bird — Full Fathom Collections",
    "u": "http://fullfathomcollections.blogspot.com/2013/01/nothing-sails-like-old-bird.html"
   },
   {
    "t": "The beautiful, and at times sordid, history of 5 Bay Area yachts — Marin Magazine",
    "u": "https://marinmagazine.com/community/the-beautiful-and-at-times-sordid-history-of-5-bay-area-yachts/"
   },
   {
    "t": "Bird Boats — Supernatural Design",
    "u": "https://supernaturaldesign.com/bird-boats"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "bear",
  "name": "Bear Class",
  "sort": "Bear Class",
  "sub": "Sausalito, 1929–32 — the largest one-design fleet on the Bay",
  "life": "conceived 1929; 69 hulls built 1932–1976",
  "place": "San Francisco Bay",
  "start": 1929,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars",
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "Twenty-three feet of Douglas fir over white oak, designed in the Depression to be cheap enough that a working man could own one — and stiff enough for a Bay westerly.",
  "essay": [
   "Ernie Nunes and Marty Martinsen conceived the Bear in 1929. The first keel was laid in late 1931 at the Nunes Brothers yard in Sausalito and the first boat was sailing by the summer of 1932. The name comes from a remark by San Francisco Yacht Club Commodore Cliff Smith on seeing an early hull: 'That is a bear of a boat.'",
   "After five boats existed, Nunes and Martinsen formalised a one-design class and joined the Yacht Racing Association — which required retrofitting self-bailing cockpits. In 1937 there were still only seven boats built or building. In 1938 more than a dozen home builders started hulls, and the class took off.",
   "By the late 1950s the Bear was the largest one-design fleet on San Francisco Bay, peaking at around 65 boats in the 1960s. Sixty-nine hulls were built in all, the last in 1976, and the class still has the strongest surviving presence of any wooden one-design on the Bay.",
   "<em>Merry Bear</em>, the first boat, is now in the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park small-craft collection, described there as the first class of sloop yachts designed and built specifically to sail on San Francisco Bay."
  ],
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designers",
    "Ernest Nunes and Marty Martinsen, 1929"
   ],
   [
    "Builder",
    "Nunes Brothers Boat & Ways Co., Sausalito; many hulls home-built"
   ],
   [
    "LOA / LWL",
    "23'0\" / 18'0\" (per the restored Unbearable, hull No. 60)"
   ],
   [
    "Beam / Draft",
    "6'6\" / 3'6\""
   ],
   [
    "Sail area",
    "258 sq ft"
   ],
   [
    "Construction",
    "Carvel, Douglas fir on white oak, bronze fastened"
   ],
   [
    "Hulls built",
    "69, from 1932 to 1976"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "nunes-ernest"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "nunes-brothers"
   ],
   "classes": [
    "mercury-18"
   ],
   "associations": [
    "master-mariners",
    "sf-maritime-nhp"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "Dimensions differ slightly between sources: the restored Unbearable is recorded at 23'0\" LOA, 6'6\" beam, 3'6\" draft; the NPS record for Merry Bear gives 22'9\", 7'0\" and 4'0\". Plausible given amateur and semi-custom construction, but not reconciled.",
   "Velerosa is listed elsewhere as hull #69 with a 1978 date, which sits just outside the 1932–1976 build span given by the class association.",
   "The claims that the Bear was the largest one-design fleet on San Francisco Bay by the late 1950s, and that it peaked near 65 boats in the 1960s, come from the class association and a closely related site. The 69-hull total is independently corroborated; the superlative is not, and was not tested against the Bird, Folkboat or El Toro fleets of the same years."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "About the Bear Boats — SF Bay Bear Boat Association",
    "u": "https://bearboats.org/about/"
   },
   {
    "t": "Nunes Bros. Unbearable — Classic Sailboats",
    "u": "https://classicsailboats.org/nunes-bros-unbearable/"
   },
   {
    "t": "Small Craft Collection — San Francisco Maritime NHP",
    "u": "https://www.nps.gov/safr/learn/historyculture/small-craft.htm"
   },
   {
    "t": "A Gathering of Bears — Latitude 38",
    "u": "https://www.latitude38.com/lectronic/a-gathering-of-bears/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "farallone-clipper",
  "name": "Farallone Clipper",
  "sort": "Farallone Clipper",
  "sub": "Stockton-built, Bay-raced, 1938",
  "life": "first boats 1938; production into the early 1960s",
  "place": "San Francisco Bay; built at Stockton",
  "start": 1938,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars",
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "Thirty-eight feet of mahogany over oak, conceived by two Bay physicians who wanted one boat that could race the Bay, race offshore and cruise. The most contested attribution in this atlas.",
  "essay": [
   "The brief came from Bay sailors — the physicians Jesse Carr and Ed Bruck — in the late 1930s: a boat that could do Bay racing, ocean racing and cruising without compromise in any of the three. The result was 38 feet long, Philippine mahogany over steam-bent oak, on a 7,200-pound iron keel, carrying 595 square feet in the original rig.",
   "Who drew it was long disputed, and the dispute turns out to rest on a misread sentence. One class history describes the starting point as 'the 1937 Donald Abbott-sponsored, Sparkman &amp; Stephens-designed Weekender' — Abbott commissioned it, S&amp;S drew it, and Stephens Brothers stretched it to 38 feet. Read carelessly, that line makes Abbott the designer, which is how this atlas and others first recorded it.",
   "What is not disputed is how the class came to be built. Myron Spaulding pitched it to the Nunes Brothers in Sausalito at about $4,900 a boat. Nelson Jones took it to Stephens Brothers in Stockton, who bid $4,750. Six boats were built in 1938 and six were racing by spring 1939.",
   "The class was reorganised in the mid-1950s as a development class, and the masthead rig conversion — pioneered by Lou Riggs in <em>Circe</em> with the sailmaker Pete Sutter — was finalised by Theo Stephens on 5 August 1964. <em>Debit</em> won the San Francisco Bay Championship in 1974, against boats thirty years newer."
  ],
  "facts": [
   [
    "Builder",
    "Stephens Brothers Boat Builders, Stockton, California"
   ],
   [
    "LOA",
    "38 ft"
   ],
   [
    "LWL / Beam / Draft",
    "28'3\" / 9'6\" / 5'9\" (per one class site)"
   ],
   [
    "Displacement",
    "18,000 lb"
   ],
   [
    "Sail area",
    "595 sq ft original; roughly 700 sq ft after the masthead conversion"
   ],
   [
    "Construction",
    "Philippine mahogany on steam-bent oak, bronze fastened, full iron keel"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "spaulding-myron",
    "sparkman-stephens",
    "abbott-donald"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "stephens-brothers",
    "nunes-brothers"
   ],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": [
    "master-mariners"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "<strong>Largely reconciled 29 July 2026.</strong> The two rival accounts are compatible. The class history's exact words are 'the 1937 Donald Abbott-sponsored, Sparkman &amp; Stephens-designed Weekender' — so Abbott commissioned the boat, Sparkman &amp; Stephens designed it, and Stephens Brothers stretched it to 38 feet. Earlier readings of the same sentence turned Abbott into the designer. The remaining uncertainty is how much Stephens Brothers changed.",
   "Number built: 'at least 16, with only five more after 1958' by one account; 19 by another.",
   "Build span: 1938 with racing from 1939 by one account; 1940–1962 by another.",
   "Spelling: a 1954 San Francisco Chronicle listing uses 'Farallon Clipper'; the class sites use 'Farallone'.",
   "The bidding story — Spaulding pitching the design to Nunes Brothers at about $4,900 a boat against Stephens Brothers' $4,750 — appears only on the class's own websites. No independent source was found. It is a good story and may well be true; it is not corroborated."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "History — Farallone Clippers",
    "u": "https://www.faralloneclipper.com/newhistory"
   },
   {
    "t": "Farallone Overview — faralloneclippers.com",
    "u": "https://www.faralloneclippers.com/farallone-overview"
   },
   {
    "t": "A bit of San Francisco Bay yacht racing history — Latitude 38",
    "u": "https://www.latitude38.com/lectronic/bit-san-francisco-bay-yacht-racing-history/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "mercury-18",
  "name": "Mercury 18",
  "sort": "Mercury 18",
  "sub": "Sausalito, 1939 — one of the first plywood one-designs",
  "life": "designed 1939; 1,060 built by 1994",
  "place": "San Francisco Bay and the West Coast",
  "start": 1939,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay",
   "socal"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "war-plywood",
   "postwar",
   "fiberglass"
  ],
  "summary": "Ernie Nunes's 18-footer, engineered from the start for marine plywood — a material decision that made it cheap, fast to build, and enormously successful.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "Ernest Nunes, 1939"
   ],
   [
    "Builders",
    "Ernest Nunes; W. D. Schock Corp (21 boats, 1963–67); Moore Sailboats, Watsonville"
   ],
   [
    "Material",
    "Among the first one-designs designed specifically for plywood; fibreglass from 1952"
   ],
   [
    "LOA",
    "18 ft"
   ],
   [
    "Displacement / Ballast",
    "1,100 lb / 635 lb lead"
   ],
   [
    "Built",
    "1,060 across all builders by 1994"
   ],
   [
    "Association",
    "Mercury Class Yacht Racing Association"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "nunes-ernest",
    "wd-schock-person"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "nunes-brothers",
    "wd-schock",
    "moore-sailboats"
   ],
   "classes": [
    "bear"
   ],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [
   "Two unrelated classes share the name Mercury, both dating from 1939. The West Coast boat is the Nunes-designed Mercury 18. The other is a 15-ft Sparkman & Stephens junior boat built by Cape Cod Shipbuilding in Massachusetts. They must not be conflated.",
   "First-build year is given as both 1938 and 1939 in different sources."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Mercury 18 — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_18"
   },
   {
    "t": "Mercury Class (US West Coast) — Sailboatdata",
    "u": "https://sailboatdata.com/association/mercury-class-us-west-coast/"
   },
   {
    "t": "Mercury Class Yacht Racing Association",
    "u": "https://mercury-sail.com/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "el-toro",
  "name": "El Toro",
  "sort": "El Toro",
  "sub": "Richmond Yacht Club, 1940 — over 11,000 built",
  "life": "1939–40; class formalised 1946",
  "place": "San Francisco Bay, then nationally",
  "start": 1940,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "war-plywood",
   "postwar",
   "fiberglass"
  ],
  "summary": "An eight-foot pram that came out of a bull session at the Richmond Yacht Club, took a shovel as its sail insignia in tribute to the joke, and became one of the most-built sailing dinghies in America.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Origin",
    "Richmond Yacht Club 'bull sessions', 1939–40; a Sabot pram published in The Rudder in 1939 was the starting point, modified with daggerboard, rudder and cat rig"
   ],
   [
    "Redesign",
    "Fall 1940, per Richmond YC's own history; the first boat built in a club night-school class"
   ],
   [
    "Name",
    "From the bull sessions; the class insignia is a shovel"
   ],
   [
    "Formalised",
    "Bill Warren surveyed existing boats and drafted the first specification; 95 skippers met at Richmond YC in April 1946 and elected Hal Decker first class chairman"
   ],
   [
    "Growth",
    "200th hull 1949; 1,000th 1955; 2,000th 1959; about 3,500 by 1963; over 11,000 eventually"
   ],
   [
    "Hull",
    "8-ft pram, about 80 lb rigged; daggerboard, transom-hung rudder, cat rig"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "mull-gary",
    "wd-schock-person"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "wd-schock",
    "moore-sailboats"
   ],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": [
    "richmond-yc"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "The designer of the parent Sabot pram is given in one source as 'Charles MacGregor' or 'McGregor' — the spelling was not resolved.",
   "The detail of ninety-five skippers meeting at Richmond Yacht Club in April 1946 to elect Hal Decker as first class chairman appears only on the class association's own history page. The origin story and the 11,000-plus total are independently corroborated."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Highlights in El Toro History — El Toro IYRA",
    "u": "https://www.eltoroyra.org/community/history/highlights-in-el-toro-history"
   },
   {
    "t": "Our Story — Richmond Yacht Club",
    "u": "https://www.richmondyc.org/about/story"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "nordic-folkboat",
  "name": "Nordic Folkboat",
  "sort": "Nordic Folkboat",
  "sub": "Gothenburg, 1942 — and a large Bay fleet",
  "life": "competition 1941; first boat launched 23 April 1942",
  "place": "Scandinavia; strong fleet on San Francisco Bay",
  "start": 1942,
  "regions": [
   "scandinavia",
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "war-plywood",
   "postwar",
   "fiberglass",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "A design by committee that turned out to be one of the best small keelboats ever drawn — and whose authorship has been argued about for eighty years.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Origin",
    "The Royal Gothenburg Sailing Club wanted more room than a Dragon with modest accommodation; the Scandinavian Yacht Racing Union ran an open competition backed by Sven Salén"
   ],
   [
    "Competition",
    "58 entries by the 15 May 1941 deadline; no single winner chosen"
   ],
   [
    "Resolution",
    "Tord Sundén was engaged to synthesise the finalists; plans published without designer credit"
   ],
   [
    "First boat",
    "Keel laid October 1941 at Arendal, Gothenburg; launched 23 April 1942"
   ],
   [
    "Displacement / Ballast / Draft",
    "4,255 lb / 2,205 lb iron / 3.92 ft"
   ],
   [
    "Fibreglass",
    "From the mid-1970s, to designs by Erik Andreasen and Sven Svendsen; 950+ GRP boats by 2001"
   ],
   [
    "Bay fleet",
    "Svend Svendsen moulded the Bay's first fibreglass Folkboat in 1975; the international association reported 110 US boats, largely on the Bay, in 1994"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "sunden-tord",
    "kristofersen-erling"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "svendsens"
   ],
   "classes": [
    "knarr",
    "dragon"
   ],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [
   "Sundén's claim to sole authorship was disputed by the sponsoring committee and was never formally resolved. He pursued it until his death in 1999."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Nordic Folkboat — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Folkboat"
   },
   {
    "t": "History — SF Bay Folkboat Association",
    "u": "https://sfbayfolkboats.org/history/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "knarr",
  "name": "International Knarr",
  "sort": "Knarr, International",
  "sub": "Norway, 1943 — with a direct line to San Francisco",
  "life": "designed 1943; first production delivery 1946",
  "place": "Norway, Denmark and San Francisco Bay",
  "start": 1943,
  "regions": [
   "scandinavia",
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "war-plywood",
   "postwar",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "Drawn in occupied Norway as a handsomer answer to the Folkboat, and brought to San Francisco in 1953 by a Stanford student whose father had built the prototype.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "Erling Kristofersen, 1943; commissioned by Willy H. Johannesen and Lars Walløe"
   ],
   [
    "Name",
    "From the Norse cargo ship type"
   ],
   [
    "First builder",
    "Einar Iversen; first production boat delivered 1946"
   ],
   [
    "Bay arrival",
    "Bjørn Iversen, son of the prototype's builder and a Stanford student, brought one to San Francisco in 1953; most Bay hulls arrived in the early 1960s, shipped in containers"
   ],
   [
    "Bay fleet",
    "Organised in the late 1960s under Knud Wibroe, who ran the first International Knarr Championship in San Francisco"
   ],
   [
    "Championship",
    "The IKC rotates among San Francisco, Oslo, Copenhagen and Bergen"
   ],
   [
    "Size",
    "30-ft one-design keelboat"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "kristofersen-erling",
    "sunden-tord"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [
    "nordic-folkboat"
   ],
   "associations": [
    "sfyc"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "San Francisco Bay Knarr Association",
    "u": "https://knarr.us/"
   },
   {
    "t": "Knarr (keelboat) — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knarr_(keelboat)"
   },
   {
    "t": "Knarrs: Legends of the Bay — Sailing World",
    "u": "https://www.sailingworld.com/racing/knarrs-legends-of-the-bay/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "iod",
  "name": "International One Design",
  "sort": "International One Design",
  "sub": "Bjarne Aas, 1937 — Bay fleet from 1952",
  "life": "designed 1937; Bay fleet founded 1952",
  "place": "Norway, New England, San Francisco Bay",
  "start": 1937,
  "regions": [
   "scandinavia",
   "new-england",
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars",
   "postwar",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "A 33-foot Norwegian keelboat that became one of the great international classes, and reached San Francisco because one man saw a photograph of one sailing.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "Bjarne Aas, Fredrikstad, Norway, 1937"
   ],
   [
    "Recognition",
    "The first class recognised by ISAF as a 'Classic' One-Design"
   ],
   [
    "Bay founding",
    "Lon Price bought Norena (#75) in 1952 from Southern California after seeing a photograph"
   ],
   [
    "Recognition on the Bay",
    "YRA of San Francisco Bay Fleet #4 from the 1955 season"
   ],
   [
    "Growth",
    "6 boats by 1954; 17 by 1962; 21 by 1963; imported from Norway and England"
   ],
   [
    "Championships",
    "Frank Wosser, sailing for the San Francisco fleet, won the 1965 World Championship at Bermuda. San Francisco hosted the Worlds in 1969, won by Bert Dammer, and in 1973, won by Wosser."
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "aas-bjarne"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [
    "nordic-folkboat",
    "knarr"
   ],
   "associations": [
    "stfyc"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "<strong>Corrected 29 July 2026.</strong> This entry previously said San Francisco hosted the 1965 Worlds and that Wosser won in 1966. The International One Design World Championship list records 1965 at Bermuda, no championship held in 1966, and San Francisco hosting in 1969 and 1973. The error came from compressing a class history that named Wosser's wins without their venues.",
   "The Bay fleet's founding details — Lon Price, Norena #75 in 1952, YRA Fleet #4 from 1955 — rest on the class association's own history and were not independently corroborated."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "About the IOD — International One Design Class",
    "u": "http://www.iodclass.org/about"
   },
   {
    "t": "International One Design — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_One_Design"
   },
   {
    "t": "World Champions — International One Design World Class Association",
    "u": "https://iodwca.org/regattas/world-champions/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "rhodes-33",
  "name": "Rhodes 33",
  "sort": "Rhodes 33",
  "sub": "Philip Rhodes design No. 441, 1938",
  "life": "first built 1938; 40 built",
  "place": "West Coast, including San Francisco Bay",
  "start": 1938,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay",
   "socal"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars",
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "A popular West Coast one-design of the 1940s and 50s, and one of the classes listed in a 1954 San Francisco Chronicle roundup of Bay fleets.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "Philip L. Rhodes, design No. 441"
   ],
   [
    "Builder",
    "South Coast Boat Building Co."
   ],
   [
    "LOA / LWL",
    "33.67 ft / 22.33 ft"
   ],
   [
    "Beam / Draft",
    "6.83 ft / 5.00 ft"
   ],
   [
    "Displacement / Ballast",
    "5,800 lb / 2,950 lb"
   ],
   [
    "Built",
    "40"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "rhodes-philip"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Rhodes 33 — Sailboatdata",
    "u": "https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/rhodes-33/"
   },
   {
    "t": "A bit of San Francisco Bay yacht racing history — Latitude 38",
    "u": "https://www.latitude38.com/lectronic/bit-san-francisco-bay-yacht-racing-history/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "pc-class",
  "name": "PC — Pacific Class",
  "sort": "PC (Pacific Class)",
  "sub": "Kettenburg, San Diego, 1929",
  "life": "from 1929",
  "place": "Southern California and the West Coast",
  "start": 1929,
  "regions": [
   "socal"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars",
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "George Kettenburg Jr.'s first sailing design, built as his own boat and named Scamp, which became the dominant West Coast racing one-design of its era.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "George W. Kettenburg Jr."
   ],
   [
    "Hull No. 1",
    "Scamp, 1929, his personal boat"
   ],
   [
    "Successor",
    "The Pacific Cruising Class (PCC), 1946"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "kettenburg-george-jr"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "kettenburg-boat-works"
   ],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Kettenburg Boat Works and Owners Association — PC Fleet",
    "u": "https://www.kettenburgboats.com/pc.htm"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "thunderbird",
  "name": "Thunderbird",
  "sort": "Thunderbird",
  "sub": "Ben Seaborn, 1958 — the plywood era's great success",
  "life": "from 1958",
  "place": "Pacific Northwest and worldwide",
  "start": 1958,
  "regions": [
   "pnw"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "postwar",
   "fiberglass"
  ],
  "summary": "A 26-foot plywood sloop drawn for the Douglas Fir Plywood Association, and built about two thousand times around the world.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "Ben Seaborn"
   ],
   [
    "Commissioned by",
    "Douglas Fir Plywood Association"
   ],
   [
    "Built",
    "About 2,000 worldwide"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "seaborn-ben"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Ben Seaborn — Sailboatdata",
    "u": "https://sailboatdata.com/designer/seaborn-ben/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "snowbird",
  "name": "Snowbird",
  "sort": "Snowbird",
  "sub": "Willis Reid, 1921 — Newport Harbor's junior class",
  "life": "designed 1921; over 500 wooden hulls",
  "place": "Newport Harbor, California",
  "start": 1921,
  "regions": [
   "socal"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars",
   "postwar",
   "fiberglass"
  ],
  "summary": "The dinghy that taught Southern California to sail. The Flight of the Snowbirds regatta peaked at 163 boats in 1957.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "Willis Reid, 1921"
   ],
   [
    "Builders",
    "Tom Broadway; G. Y. Johnson Boat Works; Douglas Boat and Canoe Co. from 1928; W. D. Schock in fibreglass, 1961–66"
   ],
   [
    "Built",
    "Over 500 wooden hulls"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [],
   "builders": [
    "wd-schock"
   ],
   "classes": [
    "el-toro"
   ],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Snowbird (sailboat) — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowbird_(sailboat)"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "cal-40",
  "name": "Cal 40",
  "sort": "Cal 40",
  "sub": "Lapworth, 1963 — the end of the argument",
  "life": "from 1963",
  "place": "Costa Mesa, California",
  "start": 1963,
  "regions": [
   "socal",
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "fiberglass"
  ],
  "summary": "Included in this wooden-boat atlas because it is the boat that ended wooden ocean racing: light, fin-keeled, skeg-ruddered, fibreglass, and faster than anything it displaced.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "C. William Lapworth, 1963; concept credited in part to the ocean racer George Griffith"
   ],
   [
    "Builder",
    "Jensen Marine, Costa Mesa"
   ],
   [
    "Displacement",
    "15,000 lb"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "lapworth-bill"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "jensen-marine"
   ],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Bill Lapworth — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Lapworth"
   },
   {
    "t": "Cal Yachts — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal_Yachts"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "dragon",
  "name": "Dragon",
  "sort": "Dragon",
  "sub": "Johan Anker, 1929",
  "life": "from 1929",
  "place": "Norway and worldwide",
  "start": 1929,
  "regions": [
   "scandinavia"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars",
   "postwar",
   "fiberglass",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "Anker's small keelboat, which spread to twenty-six or more countries and served for decades as an Olympic class.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "Johan Anker, 1929"
   ],
   [
    "Spread",
    "26 or more countries; long an Olympic class"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "anker-johan"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "anker-jensen"
   ],
   "classes": [
    "nordic-folkboat",
    "metre-classes"
   ],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Johan Anker — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Anker"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "metre-classes",
  "name": "The Metre Classes",
  "sort": "Metre Classes",
  "sub": "The International Rule, ratified 1907",
  "life": "1907 – present",
  "place": "Europe and worldwide",
  "start": 1907,
  "regions": [
   "uk",
   "scandinavia",
   "new-england"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "gilded-age",
   "between-wars",
   "postwar",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "Not a class but a rule — a formula relating length, sail area and girth that produced the 6-, 8-, 12- and 15-Metre boats and, with them, most of what people mean by a beautiful yacht.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Ratified",
    "October 1907 at a Paris conference; groundwork laid at a London meeting of eleven nations in July 1906"
   ],
   [
    "Institutional result",
    "Created the IYRU, now World Sailing"
   ],
   [
    "Scale",
    "About 6,000 Metre-rule boats built since 1907; roughly half still extant"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "anker-johan",
    "fife-william-iii",
    "mylne-alfred",
    "watson-gl",
    "sparkman-stephens"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "anker-jensen",
    "abeking-rasmussen"
   ],
   "classes": [
    "j-class",
    "dragon"
   ],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "International rule (sailing) — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_rule_(sailing)"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "j-class",
  "name": "The J-Class",
  "sort": "J-Class",
  "sub": "The Universal Rule's largest yachts, 1930–1937",
  "life": "1930 – 1937 as a racing class",
  "place": "Britain and the United States",
  "start": 1930,
  "regions": [
   "uk",
   "new-england"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars"
  ],
  "summary": "The peak of the Big Class: ten enormous yachts built under Herreshoff's Universal Rule, raced for seven seasons, and then made obsolete by the Depression and the war.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Rule",
    "The Universal Rule, devised by Nathanael Herreshoff in 1902; the NYYC's America's Cup rule 1914–1937"
   ],
   [
    "Rating",
    "Roughly 65 to 76 ft rating"
   ],
   [
    "Aftermath",
    "Superseded after 1937 by the smaller International Rule classes"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "burgess-starling",
    "nicholson-charles",
    "paine-frank",
    "herreshoff-ng",
    "sparkman-stephens"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "camper-nicholsons",
    "herreshoff-mfg"
   ],
   "classes": [
    "metre-classes"
   ],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Universal rule — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_rule"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "sea-witch",
  "name": "Sea Witch Ketch",
  "sort": "Sea Witch",
  "sub": "Angelman & Davies, from c. 1937",
  "life": "from c. 1937; still built",
  "place": "Wilmington, California; later Hong Kong",
  "start": 1937,
  "regions": [
   "socal",
   "asia-yards",
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars",
   "postwar",
   "fiberglass",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "The clipper-bowed gaff ketch that became the West Coast's romantic cruising archetype — designed by Hugh Angelman, redrawn below the waterline by Charlie Davies, and later built in teak in Hong Kong.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designers",
    "Hugh Angelman; the modern underbody by Charlie Davies"
   ],
   [
    "Builders",
    "Wilmington Boat Works; later American Marine and Cheoy Lee"
   ],
   [
    "Sizes",
    "34 to 42 ft"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "angelman-hugh",
    "davies-charlie"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "wilmington-boat-works",
    "cheoy-lee",
    "american-marine"
   ],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Hugh Angelman's Sea Witch — Heritech",
    "u": "https://www.heritech.com/seawitch/lines_search.htm"
   },
   {
    "t": "Sea Witch (Angelman) — Sailboat Guide",
    "u": "https://sailboat.guide/cheoy-lee/sea-witch-angelman"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "tahiti-ketch",
  "name": "Tahiti Ketch",
  "sort": "Tahiti Ketch",
  "sub": "John G. Hanna, 1935",
  "life": "published 1935; amateur-built ever since",
  "place": "Dunedin, Florida — and worldwide",
  "start": 1935,
  "regions": [
   "new-england"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars",
   "postwar",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "Thirty feet of gaff-ketch double-ender sold as plans in a how-to book, and built in back gardens on every continent. At least two have circumnavigated twice.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "John G. Hanna"
   ],
   [
    "Published",
    "1935, in How to Build 20 Boats"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "hanna-john"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [
    "colin-archer-type"
   ],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "John G. Hanna — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Hanna"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "gazelle",
  "name": "Colvin Gazelle",
  "sort": "Gazelle",
  "sub": "Thomas E. Colvin — junk-rigged steel schooner",
  "life": "—",
  "place": "Virginia",
  "start": 1970,
  "regions": [
   "new-england"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "fiberglass",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "A junk-rigged steel schooner drawn to be built by amateurs, and one of the most distinctive cruising designs of the late twentieth century.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "Thomas E. Colvin"
   ],
   [
    "Material",
    "Steel, for amateur construction"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "colvin-thomas"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Colvin Gazelle — Wave Train",
    "u": "https://wavetrain.net/2010/12/13/colvin-gazelle-a-junk-rigged-cruising-icon/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "colin-archer-type",
  "name": "The Colin Archer Type",
  "sort": "Colin Archer Type",
  "sub": "Double-ended, heavy-displacement, seagoing",
  "life": "from 1872",
  "place": "Norway — and everywhere since",
  "start": 1872,
  "regions": [
   "scandinavia"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "working-sail",
   "between-wars",
   "postwar",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "The most widely imitated hull form in cruising: a heavy, deep, double-ended cutter or ketch descended from Archer's Norwegian rescue boats, and still being built as new boats a century after his death.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Origin",
    "Archer's pilot boats from 1872 and rescue cutters from 1893"
   ],
   [
    "Descendants",
    "William Atkin's 'Eric' and, through it, the Westsail 32; the type name is used loosely by builders worldwide"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "archer-colin",
    "hanna-john"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [
    "tahiti-ketch",
    "spidsgatter"
   ],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [
   "'Colin Archer' in a listing almost always denotes a type rather than a boat from Archer's yard."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Colin Archer — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Archer"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "spidsgatter",
  "name": "Spidsgatter",
  "sort": "Spidsgatter",
  "sub": "Danish double-enders, from 1914",
  "life": "from 1914; classes standardised late 1920s",
  "place": "Denmark",
  "start": 1914,
  "regions": [
   "scandinavia"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "gilded-age",
   "between-wars",
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "Danish sail-area-rule double-enders, deliberately restricted to Scandinavian timber so that ordinary people could afford to race — a rare case of a rating rule written for social reasons.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Origin",
    "Kulling, a 30 m² design by Berg, 1914; Utzon's 55 m² version, 1918"
   ],
   [
    "Standardisation",
    "Late 1920s, via a Jylland sailing-union competition — Utzon won the 45 m² class, Berg the 30 m²"
   ],
   [
    "Rule intent",
    "Materials restricted to Scandinavian wood to keep costs down"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "archer-colin"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [
    "colin-archer-type",
    "nordic-folkboat"
   ],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Spidsgatter — Nautipedia",
    "u": "https://www.nautipedia.it/index.php/Spidsgatter"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "scow-schooner",
  "name": "San Francisco Bay Scow Schooner",
  "sort": "Scow Schooner",
  "sub": "The Bay's cargo craft, c. 1850 – 1930s",
  "life": "peak c. 1880; last built in the 1930s",
  "place": "San Francisco Bay and the Delta",
  "start": 1850,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "working-sail",
   "gilded-age",
   "between-wars"
  ],
  "summary": "Flat-bottomed, shallow, cheap and able to take the ground at low tide — more than 250 of them worked the Bay and Delta by 1880. They were the reason boatyards existed here at all.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Fleet size",
    "More than 250 working the Bay and Delta by 1880"
   ],
   [
    "Yards",
    "The India Basin row on Innes Avenue: Dirks, then Anderson, then Anderson & Cristofani"
   ],
   [
    "Survivor",
    "Alma (1891), built at Hunters Point — the last scow schooner; National Historic Landmark 1988; preserved at Hyde Street Pier"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [],
   "builders": [
    "anderson-cristofani",
    "stone-boat-yard"
   ],
   "classes": [
    "monterey-clipper"
   ],
   "associations": [
    "sf-maritime-nhp",
    "master-mariners"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "More About Scow Schooners and Barges — SFPUC",
    "u": "https://www.sfpuc.gov/construction-contracts/lands-rights-of-way/historical-discoveries/two-buried-ships/more-about-scow"
   },
   {
    "t": "Alma (1891) — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_(1891)"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "monterey-clipper",
  "name": "Monterey Clipper & the San Francisco Felucca",
  "sort": "Monterey Clipper",
  "sub": "Italian-American fishing craft, 1860s – 1950s",
  "life": "feluccas from the late 1860s; motorised clippers from c. 1925",
  "place": "San Francisco and Monterey",
  "start": 1868,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "working-sail",
   "gilded-age",
   "between-wars",
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "Genoese immigrants brought the lateen-rigged silena to San Francisco; about a thousand feluccas fished out of the city by 1890, and the type evolved into the motorised Monterey clipper.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Origin",
    "Genoese 'silena' adapted as the San Francisco felucca from the late 1860s; roughly 1,000 working out of San Francisco by 1890"
   ],
   [
    "Motorisation",
    "Single-cylinder gas engines from about 1925 produced the Monterey clipper; around 500 running from San Francisco at peak"
   ],
   [
    "Builders",
    "Beviacqua and Genoa Boat Works are named in sources as builders of motorised Monterey clippers"
   ],
   [
    "Decline",
    "Down to about 200 boats by the 1950s as purse-seiners took over; most survivors are now pleasure craft"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [],
   "builders": [
    "anderson-cristofani"
   ],
   "classes": [
    "scow-schooner"
   ],
   "associations": [
    "sf-maritime-nhp"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Monterey clipper — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monterey_clipper"
   },
   {
    "t": "Monterey Clippers — People & Stories",
    "u": "https://montereyclippers.wordpress.com/monterey-data/history/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "gloucester-schooner",
  "name": "The Gloucester Fishing Schooner",
  "sort": "Gloucester Fishing Schooner",
  "sub": "New England, 19th century to the 1930s",
  "life": "to the 1930s",
  "place": "Gloucester, Massachusetts; Lunenburg, Nova Scotia",
  "start": 1860,
  "regions": [
   "new-england"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "working-sail",
   "gilded-age",
   "between-wars"
  ],
  "summary": "The most dangerous commercial fishery in North America produced the most refined working sailing craft — and, in the International Fishermen's Trophy, the last great races between boats that actually worked.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Reform",
    "Thomas F. McManus shortened the bowsprit and extended the stern overhang; roughly 500 schooners to his designs"
   ],
   [
    "Rivalry",
    "The International Fishermen's Trophy, Gloucester versus Lunenburg, 1920–1938"
   ],
   [
    "Bluenose",
    "Designed by William J. Roué, built by Smith and Rhuland, launched 26 March 1921"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "mcmanus-thomas",
    "roue-william"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": [
    "mystic-seaport"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Thomas F. McManus — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_F._McManus"
   },
   {
    "t": "Bluenose — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluenose"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "catboat",
  "name": "The Cape Cod Catboat",
  "sort": "Catboat",
  "sub": "New England vernacular, revived by Fenwick Williams",
  "life": "19th century; the modern standard design 1930",
  "place": "Cape Cod, Massachusetts",
  "start": 1850,
  "regions": [
   "new-england"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "working-sail",
   "between-wars",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "Beamy, shoal, single-sailed and unmistakable. Fenwick Williams's 18-footer of 1930 is the design that carried the type into the modern era.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Modern standard",
    "Fenwick Williams's 18-ft design, 1930, published in Yachting 1931; also 21- and 25-ft versions"
   ],
   [
    "Association",
    "American Catboat Association, founded 1962"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "williams-fenwick",
    "hunt-ray"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Fenwick Williams's 18' Catboat — Small Boats Magazine",
    "u": "https://smallboatsmonthly.com/article/fenwick-williamss-18-catboat/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "canoe-yawl",
  "name": "The Canoe Yawl",
  "sort": "Canoe Yawl",
  "sub": "Albert Strange and the Humber Yawl Club",
  "life": "from the 1880s",
  "place": "Yorkshire and the Humber, England",
  "start": 1885,
  "regions": [
   "uk"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "gilded-age",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "Small, light, double-ended cruising boats developed from sailing canoes — Albert Strange's roughly 150 designs are the type's canonical expression, and the revival has never quite stopped.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Originator",
    "Albert Strange, captain of the Humber Yawl Club; about 150 designs"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "strange-albert"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": [
    "old-gaffers"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Albert Strange — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Strange"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "pilot-cutter",
  "name": "Bristol Channel Pilot Cutter",
  "sort": "Pilot Cutter, Bristol Channel",
  "sub": "British working sail, 1795 – 1922",
  "life": "documented from 1795; last sail-powered cutter retired 1922",
  "place": "Bristol Channel, England and Wales",
  "start": 1795,
  "regions": [
   "uk"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "working-sail",
   "gilded-age",
   "revival"
  ],
  "summary": "Boats built to stay at sea in any weather with a small crew, because a pilot who could not reach a ship did not get paid. About eighteen originals survive of hundreds built.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Earliest record",
    "1795, with twelve registered cutters of 14 to 24 tons"
   ],
   [
    "Last working",
    "Cariad, retired 1922"
   ],
   [
    "Famous survivor",
    "Mischief (1906), sailed roughly 110,000 miles by H. W. Tilman before her loss in Antarctic ice in 1968"
   ],
   [
    "Survival",
    "About 18 originals of several hundred built"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [
    "canoe-yawl"
   ],
   "associations": [
    "old-gaffers"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Bristol Channel pilot cutter — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Channel_pilot_cutter"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "hurricane-30",
  "name": "Hurricane 30",
  "sort": "Hurricane 30",
  "sub": "Nunes Brothers, Sausalito — 17 hulls",
  "life": "from 1948",
  "place": "San Francisco Bay",
  "start": 1948,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "A Bay one-design that had almost vanished from the record. Seventeen hulls, built by the Nunes brothers at Sausalito, with their own perpetual trophy given by Sir Thomas Lipton's estate — and until now this atlas could not identify it at all.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Builder",
    "Nunes Bros. Boatyard, Sausalito"
   ],
   [
    "Hulls",
    "17 built"
   ],
   [
    "Trophy",
    "The Sir Thomas Lipton Pacific Coast Perpetual Trophy was awarded exclusively within the class, 1952–1973"
   ],
   [
    "Record",
    "Pictured as the class representative in the 1959 Yachting Year Book"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "nunes-ernest"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "nunes-brothers"
   ],
   "classes": [
    "bear",
    "mercury-18"
   ],
   "associations": [
    "master-mariners"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "Everything in this entry rests on a single owner-submitted record in the WoodenBoat Register. No other source for the class — hull count, builder, the Lipton trophy years, or Random's earlier names — could be found anywhere. It is recorded here because it is the only account there is, and flagged because that is a fragile basis for a class entry.",
   "No individual naval architect could be confirmed for the class. Whether Ernie Nunes designed it, as he did the Bear and the Mercury, is a reasonable hypothesis but is not sourced.",
   "The class is named in a 1954 San Francisco Chronicle roundup of Bay one-designs and then effectively disappears from the literature."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Random, Hurricane 30 — WoodenBoat Register of Wooden Boats",
    "u": "https://www.woodenboat.com/register-wooden-boats/random-hurricane-30"
   },
   {
    "t": "A bit of San Francisco Bay yacht racing history — Latitude 38",
    "u": "https://www.latitude38.com/lectronic/bit-san-francisco-bay-yacht-racing-history/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "yankee-one-design",
  "name": "Yankee One Design",
  "sort": "Yankee One Design",
  "sub": "W. Starling Burgess, 1937 — and the last one built at Alameda",
  "life": "42 built, 1937–1963",
  "place": "Massachusetts and San Francisco Bay",
  "start": 1937,
  "regions": [
   "new-england",
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars",
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "Burgess's 30-foot fractional sloop, mostly built at Quincy in Massachusetts — but the last of the forty-two came out of Stone Boat Yard in Alameda.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "W. Starling Burgess, 1937"
   ],
   [
    "Built",
    "42 hulls, 1937–1963, chiefly by Quincy Adams Yacht Yard, Massachusetts"
   ],
   [
    "LOA / LWL",
    "30'6\" / 24'"
   ],
   [
    "Bay connection",
    "Flotsam, sail number Y42 — the last Yankee — was built by John Linderman at Stone Boat Yard, Alameda, with laminated frames and bronze fastenings"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "burgess-starling"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "stone-boat-yard"
   ],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": [
    "master-mariners"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "The Bay-specific detail — that Flotsam is Y42, the last of the class, built by John Linderman at Stone Boat Yard in Alameda — rests on the WoodenBoat Register and Sailboatdata alone. The general class facts are corroborated across several independent listings.",
   "Hull counts differ: 42 built 1937–1963 by one account, 39 built 1937–2010 by the class's own site.",
   "Flame (1949) is sometimes credited to 'Herreshoff, Burgess, Paine'. She is a Yankee One Design. The three-name credit is best explained by the composition of Burgess's Boston office at the time — W. Starling Burgess in partnership with Frank Paine and A. Loring Swasey, with L. Francis Herreshoff on the payroll — so the whole office was credited rather than Burgess alone. This is a reasoned explanation, not a documented one."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Flotsam — WoodenBoat Register of Wooden Boats",
    "u": "https://www.woodenboat.com/register-wooden-boats/flotsam-0"
   },
   {
    "t": "Yankee One Design — Sailboatdata",
    "u": "https://sailboatdata.com/sailboat/yankee-one-design/"
   },
   {
    "t": "History — Yankee One Design",
    "u": "https://yankeeonedesign.com/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "international-210",
  "name": "International 210",
  "sort": "International 210",
  "sub": "C. Raymond Hunt, 1945",
  "life": "from 1945",
  "place": "Massachusetts Bay, then nationally",
  "start": 1945,
  "regions": [
   "new-england",
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "Ray Hunt's 30-foot plywood one-design, drawn for Massachusetts Bay clubs in 1945 and cheap enough at around $1,500 to spread fast. A fleet was chartered to San Francisco Bay during the class's expansion.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "C. Raymond Hunt, 1945"
   ],
   [
    "Construction",
    "30 ft, plywood, originally bent-frame"
   ],
   [
    "Price",
    "About $1,500 new"
   ],
   [
    "Bay presence",
    "A fleet was chartered to San Francisco Bay in the class's mid-1950s to early-1960s expansion, consistent with its appearance in a 1954 Chronicle list of Bay fleets"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "hunt-ray"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [
    "rhodes-33",
    "bear"
   ],
   "associations": []
  },
  "flags": [],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "History — International 210 Class",
    "u": "https://www.210class.com/history"
   },
   {
    "t": "International 210 — Wikipedia",
    "u": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_210"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "cooper-six-tonner",
  "name": "Cooper Six-Tonner",
  "sort": "Cooper Six-Tonner",
  "sub": "A. M. Bellingham / Charles Cooper, Kent",
  "life": "1930s",
  "place": "Teynham, Kent, England",
  "start": 1930,
  "regions": [
   "uk",
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars"
  ],
  "summary": "A small English keel sloop of about 28 feet, designed by A. M. Bellingham and built by Charles Cooper of Teynham. A <em>Philippa</em> of 1936 sailing on San Francisco Bay appears to be one.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "LOA",
    "About 28 ft"
   ],
   [
    "Designer / Builder",
    "A. M. Bellingham / Charles Cooper, Teynham, Kent"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "bellingham-am"
   ],
   "builders": [
    "cooper-charles"
   ],
   "classes": [],
   "associations": [
    "master-mariners"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "The connection to Philippa is probable rather than confirmed — see the Bellingham entry."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Cooper 6 Tonner, 1936 — Boatshed",
    "u": "https://www.boatshed.com/cooper_6_tonner-boat-341260.html"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "junior-clipper",
  "name": "Junior Clipper",
  "sort": "Junior Clipper",
  "sub": "Stephens Brothers, 1946 — the Farallone Clipper's little sister",
  "life": "introduced 1946",
  "place": "Stockton and San Francisco Bay",
  "start": 1946,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "A 26-foot sloop from the yard that built the Farallone Clipper, sold from 1946 as the junior version of it. Until now this class existed in this atlas only as a name in a 1954 newspaper list.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Builder",
    "Stephens Brothers, Stockton, California"
   ],
   [
    "Introduced",
    "1946, advertised as 'the junior version of Stephens' famous Farallone Clipper'"
   ],
   [
    "Price",
    "$2,695 f.o.b. Stockton"
   ],
   [
    "Length",
    "26 ft"
   ],
   [
    "Recovered from",
    "A Stephens Brothers advertisement and a dealer news item, both Yachting, January 1946"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [],
   "builders": [
    "stephens-brothers"
   ],
   "classes": [
    "farallone-clipper"
   ],
   "associations": [
    "master-mariners"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "A April 1946 Yachting item describes a 'Baby Clipper Class, designed and built by Stephens Brothers… a plywood sloop, a little over 20 ft in length'. Whether that is an early prototype of the Junior Clipper under a working name, or a genuinely separate smaller class, is unresolved — the lengths differ by six feet.",
   "No designer of record was found. Stephens Brothers is credited as builder; whether the design came from within the yard is not established."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Yachting magazine, 1907–1961 — Internet Archive",
    "u": "https://archive.org/details/pub_yachting"
   },
   {
    "t": "A bit of San Francisco Bay yacht racing history — Latitude 38",
    "u": "https://www.latitude38.com/lectronic/bit-san-francisco-bay-yacht-racing-history/"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "acorn",
  "name": "Acorn Class",
  "sort": "Acorn Class",
  "sub": "James DeWitt, 1940s — a 19-ft owner-built Bay one-design",
  "life": "fleet of seven by April 1946",
  "place": "San Francisco Bay",
  "start": 1945,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "A 19-foot sloop designed by the Richmond sailmaker Jim DeWitt and built largely by its owners to class rules. Seven boats by 1946, still racing in 1954, then out of the record entirely until now.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "James DeWitt — the same Richmond sailmaker who designed Makai"
   ],
   [
    "Length",
    "19 ft"
   ],
   [
    "Construction",
    "Largely amateur and owner-built to class rules"
   ],
   [
    "Fleet",
    "'Now numbering seven' as of April 1946"
   ],
   [
    "Boats recorded",
    "Scherzo (1949); Acorn II / Acorn 9 (1953)"
   ],
   [
    "Recovered from",
    "Yachting, April 1946, San Francisco Bay News"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "dewitt-james"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [
    "el-toro",
    "mercury-18"
   ],
   "associations": [
    "master-mariners",
    "richmond-yc"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "Design year not established — the class was already sailing by April 1946 with seven boats."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Yachting magazine, 1907–1961 — Internet Archive",
    "u": "https://archive.org/details/pub_yachting"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "windward-class",
  "name": "Windward Class",
  "sort": "Windward Class",
  "sub": "Philip L. Rhodes — first boat launched at Oakland, 1947",
  "life": "from 1947",
  "place": "San Francisco Bay, and beyond",
  "start": 1947,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay",
   "new-england"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "A 33-foot Rhodes sloop that raced as a Bay one-design through the late 1940s and 50s — the second Rhodes class on the Bay after the Rhodes 33, and equally forgotten until now.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Designer",
    "Philip L. Rhodes"
   ],
   [
    "Dimensions",
    "33'6\" LOA · 23'0\" LWL · 8'6\" beam · 5'2\" draft"
   ],
   [
    "First boat",
    "Owned by John Woerner, launched at Oakland; reported in Yachting, August 1947"
   ],
   [
    "Growth",
    "'The first two of the new 33-ft Windward Class at San Francisco' noted January 1948"
   ],
   [
    "Not only local",
    "Golden Vanity was built to the design for an owner in Saugatuck, Connecticut, 1952"
   ],
   [
    "Bay boats recorded",
    "Sirocco (Dr. David Singman, Berkeley YC, 1948); Westerly; Koolau (1954)"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "rhodes-philip"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [
    "rhodes-33"
   ],
   "associations": [
    "master-mariners"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "Builder of the Bay boats not established."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Yachting magazine, 1907–1961 — Internet Archive",
    "u": "https://archive.org/details/pub_yachting"
   }
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "pic-class",
  "name": "P.I.C. Class",
  "sort": "PIC Class",
  "sub": "Pacific Inter-Club, 1936 — not a boat called 'Pic'",
  "life": "from 1936",
  "place": "San Francisco Bay",
  "start": 1936,
  "regions": [
   "sf-bay"
  ],
  "eras": [
   "between-wars",
   "postwar"
  ],
  "summary": "The 'Pic' in the 1954 list is not a name but an initialism: P.I.C., for Pacific Inter-Club. The class was fostered by the same association that commissioned the Bird.",
  "facts": [
   [
    "Name",
    "P.I.C. — Pacific Inter-Club"
   ],
   [
    "Sponsor",
    "The Pacific Inter-Club Yachting Association, formed 1896, which by its own account 'fostered and encouraged building of the Bird, Star and PIC (1936) class sloops'"
   ],
   [
    "Introduced",
    "1936"
   ],
   [
    "Boats recorded",
    "Vandal (1949, 1954); Pic-Sea (1953); Angel (1954)"
   ]
  ],
  "works": [],
  "links": {
   "designers": [
    "brewer-fred"
   ],
   "builders": [],
   "classes": [
    "bird"
   ],
   "associations": [
    "master-mariners"
   ]
  },
  "flags": [
   "No designer or builder was recovered despite searching Yachting from 1936 to the mid-1950s. That the P.I.C. and the Bird share a sponsor in the P.I.Y.A. is suggestive but proves nothing about authorship."
  ],
  "sources": [
   {
    "t": "Yachting magazine, 1907–1961 — Internet Archive",
    "u": "https://archive.org/details/pub_yachting"
   },
   {
    "t": "History — Pacific Inter-Club Yacht Association",
    "u": "https://picya.org/"
   }
  ]
 }
]